Highlights•Testosterone (T) is thought to integrate phenotypes that work well
together.•However, it is not clear how such integration is generated within the organism.•T …

Females of some species are considered sex-role reversed, meaning that they face stronger
competition for mates compared to males. While much attention has been paid to behavioral …

Carotenoid pigments underlie most of the red, orange, and yellow visual signals used in
mate choice in vertebrates. However, many of the underlying processes surrounding the …

In males, testosterone plays a key role in ornament production and linking ornamentation
with reproductive behaviors and other traits to produce an integrated phenotype. Less is …

Carotenoid pigments produce most red, orange and yellow colours in vertebrates. This
coloration can serve as an honest signal of quality that mediates social and mating …

Ornamentation, such as the showy plumage of birds, is widespread among female
vertebrates, yet the evolutionary pressures sha** female ornamentation remain uncertain …

Hormones mediate sexual dimorphism by regulating sex-specific patterns of gene
expression, but it is unclear how much of this regulation involves sex-specific hormone …

We know little of the proximate mechanisms underlying the expression of signaling traits in
female vertebrates. Across males, the expression of sexual and competitive traits, including …

To investigate the effects of exogenous steroid hormones on growth, body color, and
gonadal development in the Opsariichthys bidens (O. bidens), synthetic methyltestosterone …

In some species, sexual selection is stronger in females than males. In classically
polyandrous birds, for instance, females compete for mating opportunities and males care …