Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological
functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory …

Migraine is an extremely disabling, common neurological disorder characterized by a
complex neurobiology, involving a series of central and peripheral nervous system areas …

Since its recent discovery, the meningeal lymphatic system has reshaped our understanding
of central nervous system (CNS) fluid exchange, waste clearance, immune cell trafficking …

After the emergence of a novel coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2, coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID‐19) was initially characterized by fever, sore throat, cough, and dyspnea, mainly …

The underlying causes of migraine headache remained enigmatic for most of the 20th
century. In 1979, The Lancet published a novel hypothesis proposing an integral role for the …

Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine,
which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight …

Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with
more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth …

Sensitization of trigeminal ganglion neurons contributes to primary headache disorders such
as migraine, but the specific neuronal and non-neuronal trigeminal subtypes that are …

Understanding the mechanisms of migraine remains challenging as migraine is not a static
disorder, and even in its episodic form migraine remains an “evolutive” chronic condition …

Light and optical techniques have made profound impacts on modern medicine, with
numerous lasers and optical devices currently being used in clinical practice to assess …