Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing
numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are …

Exosome is a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, which has been serving as an efficient
therapeutic tool for various diseases. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

Cell-based therapies are revolutionizing medicine by replacing or modifying dysfunctional
cells with healthy cells or engineered derivatives, offering disease reversal and cure. One …

Exosomes (Exos) as drug delivery vehicles have been widely used for cancer
immunotherapy owing to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity …

Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and
distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and …

In recent years, the wide application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of
biomedicine has proved its significance in cancer treatment. A variety of nanomaterials are …

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant and incurable disease, characterized by its
aggressive nature and high fatality rate. The most common type is pancreatic ductal …

Ultrasound (US) is a mechanical wave that can penetrate biological tissues and trigger
complex bioeffects. The mechanisms of US in different diagnosis and treatment are different …

Due to the critical limitations of conventional antitumor agents, great efforts have been made
to develop advanced drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of …