Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an often severe and potentially fatal form of bacterial
pneumonia caused by an extensive list of Legionella species. These ubiquitous freshwater …

The 1976 outbreak of Legionnaires' disease led to the discovery of the intracellular bacterial
pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Given their impact on human health, Legionella species …

Hospital-acquired Legionnaires' disease is directly linked to the presence of Legionella in
hospital drinking water. Disinfecting the drinking water system is an effective preventive …

We report our ten-year experience of hyperchlorination, thermal shock, chlorine dioxide,
monochloramine, boilers and point-of-use filters for controlling legionella contamination in a …

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the most common patient complications,
affecting 7% of patients in developed countries each year. The rise of antimicrobial resistant …

Several bacterial species that are natural inhabitants of potable water distribution system
biofilms are opportunistic pathogens important to sensitive patients in healthcare facilities …

Hot water recirculation systems (HWRS) in hotels and nursing homes, which are common in
countries such as Spain, have been related to outbreaks of legionellosis. To establish the …

Sustainability, water conservation, water efficiency, and green infrastructure have led to
significant decreases in the quantity of water used in buildings. In addition, changes in water …

Shock chlorination and remedial flushing are suggested to address Legionella pneumophila
(Lp) contamination in buildings or during their (re) commissioning. However, data on …

The waterborne healthcare-associated infections are mainly sustained by Legionella and
Pseudomonas spp. Various water factors and plumbing characteristics, and the interaction …