Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-
associated gene Cas9 represent an invaluable system for the precise editing of genes in …

Butterfly wing patterns provide a rich comparative framework to study how morphological
complexity develops and evolves. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis to test …

The optix gene has been implicated in butterfly wing pattern adaptation by genetic
association, map**, and expression studies. The actual developmental function of this …

Discovered as a bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered, regularly
interspaced, short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated) is being developed as an …

Butterfly eyespots are beautiful novel traits with an unknown developmental origin. Here we
show that eyespots likely originated via cooption of parts of an ancestral appendage gene …

As is true of virtually every realm of the biological sciences, our understanding of speciation
is increasingly informed by the genomic revolution of the past decade. Investigators can ask …

Gene regulation shapes the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We investigated the evolution
of liver promoters and enhancers in six primate species using ChIP-seq (H3K27ac and …

The cuticular skeleton of a butterfly wing scale cell is an exquisitely finely sculpted material
that can contain pigments, produce structural colors, or both. While cuticle rigidity and …

Despite their capacity to acquire and pass on an array of debilitating pathogens, research on
ticks has lagged behind other arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, largely because of …