We review the present theoretical and empirical knowledge for α s, the fundamental
coupling underlying the interactions of quarks and gluons in Quantum Chromodynamics …

We discuss our present knowledge of α s, the fundamental running coupling or effective
charge of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). A precise understanding of the running of α s …

There are two mass generating mechanisms in the standard model of particle physics (SM).
One is related to the Higgs boson and fairly well understood. The other is embedded in …

Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The
proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics …

Measurements are reported of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g 1 p and g 1
d at beam energies of 29.1, 16.2, and 9.7 GeV, and g 2 p and g 2 d at a beam energy of 29.1 …

We present the final results of the spin asymmetries A 1 and the spin structure functions g 1
of the proton and the deuteron in the kinematic range 0.0008< x< 0.7 and 0.2< Q 2< 100 …

Precise measurements of the spin structure functions of the proton g 1 p (x, Q 2) and
deuteron g 1 d (x, Q 2) are presented over the kinematic range 0.0041≤ x≤ 0.9 and 0.18 …

The neutron longitudinal and transverse asymmetries A 1 n and A 2 n have been extracted
from deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by a polarized He 3 target at incident …

An introduction to the method of QCD sum rules is given for those who want to learn how to
use this method. Furthermore, we discuss various applications of sum rules, from the …

As the only stable baryon, the nucleon is of crucial importance in particle physics. Since the
nucleon is a building block for all atomic nuclei, there is a need to analyse the its structure in …