The function of sperm is to safely transport the haploid paternal genome to the egg
containing the maternal genome. The subsequent fertilization leads to transmission of a new …

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides
the energy for supporting the key functions of the spermatozoa, is formed by 2 metabolic …

Testicular tumours in dogs are of Sertoli cell, Leydig cell or germinal origin and mixed
tumours are also frequently observed. The cellular components of mixed tumours are …

Biologically active environmental pollutants have significant impact on ecosystems, wildlife,
and human health. Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles are pollutants that are …

Experimental observations indicate that, at sufficiently high cell densities, swimming bacteria
exhibit coordinated motions on length scales (10 to 100 μm) that are large compared with …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge of variation in sperm
morphology over several levels of biological organization: variation within males (both within …

Sperm experience intense and varied selection that dramatically impacts the evolution of
sperm quality. Selection acts to ensure that sperm are fertilization-competent and able to …

Publisher Summary Sperm competition is the competition between the ejaculates of different
males for the fertilization of a given set of ova. Charles Darwin (1871) proposed sexual …

Background The influence of sperm competition upon sperm size has been a controversial
issue during the last 20 years which remains unresolved for mammals. The hypothesis that …

Comparative analyses of the anatomy, reproductive physiology, and behaviour of extant
primates and other mammals can offer important insights into the origins of human sexual …