Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a widespread valvular heart disease affecting people
in aging societies, primarily characterized by fibrosis, inflammation, and progressive …

Tissue repair after myocardial injury is a complex process involving changes in all aspects of
the myocardial tissue, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is composed of …

Maintaining the viability of damaged pulp is critical in clinical dentistry. Pulp cap**, by
placing dental material over the exposed pulp, is a main approach to promote pulp-dentin …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury–induced (IRI-induced) acute kidney injury is accompanied by
mononuclear phagocyte (MP) invasion and inflammation. However, systematic analysis of …

Human tissue-engineered matrices (hTEMs) have been proposed as a promising approach
for in situ tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs). However, there is still a limited …

Upon implanting tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs), blood-derived macrophages are
believed to orchestrate the remodeling process. They initiate the immune response and …

Heart valve disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide with no effective
medical therapy and no ideal valve substitute emulating the extremely sophisticated …

Angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone generated as part of the renin–angiotensin
system, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases such …

The clinical application of heart valve scaffolds is hindered by complications associated with
the activation of valvular interstitial cell-like (VIC-like) cells and their transdifferentiation into …

Xenogeneic decellularized heart valves (DHVs) have become one of the most commonly
used scaffolds for tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) due to extensive resources and …