Irradiation of a metal with an ultrashort laser pulse leads to a disturbance of the free-electron
gas out of thermal equilibrium. We investigate theoretically the transient evolution of the …

A semiempirical theory for the excitation and subsequent relaxation of nonthermal electrons
is described. The theory, which is applicable to ultrafast-laser excited metals, is based on the …

The evolution of the electron distribution in a metal irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse is
described on the basis of numerical solution of the equation for the one-particle density …

Approaching energy coupling in laser-irradiated metals, we point out the role of electron-
electron collision as an efficient control factor for ultrafast optical absorption. The high …

We present a theoretical microscopic model for the calculation of the nonequilibrium
distribution function of electrons in a metal excited by ultrashort laser pulses of moderate …

Time-resolved single-photon photoelectric emission measurements from polycrystalline
copper, using an autocorrelation system of 450 fs duration at 248 nm laser pulses, are …

The distribution function of free electrons in metal is calculated for irradiation of aluminium
with an ultrashort laser pulse of moderate intensity. We consider inverse Bremsstrahlung …

A nonequilibrium distribution function for electrons in metals excited by ultrashort laser
pulses and its relaxation dynamics is analyzed. This distribution function is based on a …

The photoemission properties of metallic photocathodes are studied by a time-resolved
single-photon laser technique in the femtosecond regime. Experimental results obtained for …

The equilibrium heating ceases in the surface vicinity of the solid as the laser heating pulse
length reduces to sub-nanoseconds. In this case, one-equation model overestimates the …