Metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced biosynthesis of macromolecules, altered
energy metabolism, and maintenance of redox homeostasis, is considered a hallmark of …

BECLIN1 is a well-established regulator of autophagy, a process essential for mammalian
survival. It functions in conjunction with other proteins to form Class III Phosphoinositide 3 …

Autophagy is an essential cellular process affecting virus infections and other diseases and
Beclin1 (BECN1) is one of its key regulators. Here, we identified S-phase kinase-associated …

Autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular
quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in …

Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is a serious trauma that can lead to loss of
sensory and motor function. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulatory cell death characterized …

Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational
modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis …

Autophagy is a major degradation pathway that utilizes lysosome hydrolases to degrade
cellular constituents and is often induced under cellular stress conditions to restore cell …

Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process wherein cells under stress sequester
cytosolic constituents like damaged proteins and organelles in double-membrane vesicles …

In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the
injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the …

Macrophage polarization to proinflammatory M1-like or anti-inflammatory M2-like cells is
critical to mount a host defense or repair tissue. The exact molecular mechanisms controlling …