Rapid technical advances in the field of computer animation (CA) and virtual reality (VR)
have opened new avenues in animal behavior research. Animated stimuli are powerful tools …

Non-symbolic numerical abilities are widespread among vertebrates due to their important
adaptive value. Moreover, these abilities were considered peculiar of vertebrate species as …

Hybridization has been recognized to play important roles in evolution, however studies of
the genetic consequence are still lagging behind in vertebrates due to the lack of …

It is well established that changes to the chemical environment can impair development,
physiology and reproductive biology; by contrast, impacts on communication have not been …

Almost every animal lineage is characterized by unique sex-specific traits, implying that such
traits are gained and lost frequently in evolution. However, the genetic mechanisms …

Natural hybrid zones provide opportunities to study a range of evolutionary phenomena from
speciation to the genetic basis of fitness‐related traits. We show that widespread …

Background Males in some species of the genus **phophorus, small freshwater fishes from
Meso-America, have an extended caudal fin, or sword–hence their common name …

The diversity of animal and plant forms is shaped by nested evolutionary innovations.
Understanding the genetic and molecular changes responsible for these innovations is …

Researchers have suggested that animals should respond more strongly to conspecific than
to heterospecific communication signals used in territorial or courtship contexts. We tested …

Mate choice can vary in response to internal or external conditions that alter the costs and
benefits of being choosy. The relationship between mate choice and hybridization, however …