Predation, one of the most dramatic interactions in animals' lives, has long fascinated
ecologists. This volume presents carnivores, raptors and their prey in the complicated net of …

Although facultative scavenging is very common, little is known about the factors governing
carrion acquisition by vertebrates. We examined the influence of carcass characteristics …

The distance travelled by animals is an important ecological variable that links behaviour,
energetics and demography. It is usually measured by summing straight‐line distances …

Background Research on wild animal ecology is increasingly employing GPS telemetry in
order to determine animal movement. However, GPS systems record position intermittently …

Conditional mutualisms involve costs and benefits that vary with environmental factors, but
mechanisms driving these dynamics remain poorly understood. Scatterhoarder–plant …

The selection of roost cavities by Nyctalus noctula and N. leisleri, 2 widespread species of
mainly Eurasian distribution, was examined in Białowieża Primeval Forest in eastern Poland …

In the 1920s, C, Elton made a research trip to the European North and described 3—4-year
cycles of lemmings and voles with a striking aspect of long distance migrations of lemmings …

We studied factors affecting density and spacing patterns in the pine marten Martes martes
population inhabiting temperate forests of Białowieza National Park, eastern Poland. From …

Shared enemies may instigate or modify competitive interactions between species. The dis-
equilibrium caused by non-native species introductions has revealed that the outcome of …

Transportation infrastructure has a wide range of effects on ecological processes, which
result in both positive and negative impacts for biodiversity. However, the treatment of …