Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous and plastic population of cells that are crucial for
tissue repair and regeneration. This has made macrophages a particularly attractive target …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia
with unknown causes. The incidence rate increases year by year and the prognosis is poor …

Despite past extensive studies, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary fibrosis (PF) still
remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lungs originating from different types …

The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung
homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in …

Macrophages represent a heterogeneous cell population and are known to display a
remarkable plasticity. In response to distinct micro-environmental stimuli, eg, tumor stroma …

Despite development in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury
(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying mechanism still needs to …

Background Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the
innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system …

Metabolic programming is emerging as a critical mechanism to alter immune cell activation,
differentiation and function. Targeting metabolism does not completely suppress or activate …

Macrophages are the most numerous immune-cells present in the lung environment under
homoeostatic conditions and are ideally positioned to dictate the innate defence of the …

Alveolar macrophages exist in a unique microenvironment and, despite historical evidence
showing that they are in close contact with the respiratory epithelium, have until recently …