The goal of NASA's Europa Clipper mission is to assess the habitability of Jupiter's moon
Europa. After entering Jupiter orbit in 2030, the flight system will collect science data while …

The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Measurements of trace gases in planetary atmospheres help us explore chemical conditions
different to those on Earth. Our nearest neighbour, Venus, has cloud decks that are …

In this article, we summarize the work of the NASA Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG)
Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) group. The aim of this group is to assemble the scientific …

Past exploration of Jupiter's diverse satellite system has forever changed our understanding
of the unique environments to be found around gas giants, both in our solar system and …

The icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, is thought to lie on top of a global ocean,,–.
Signatures in some Hubble Space Telescope images have been associated with putative …

In November and December 2012, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaged Europa's
ultraviolet emissions in the search for vapor plume activity. We report statistically significant …

Many outer solar system bodies are thought to harbor liquid water oceans beneath their ice
shells. This article first reviews how such oceans are detected. We then discuss how they …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Evidence for plumes of water on Europa has previously been found using the Hubble Space
Telescope using two different observing techniques. Roth et al. found line emission from the …