Heart failure is a global problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million patients
worldwide, a number that is increasing with the ageing of the population. It is the most …

Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from
the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors …

The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pum** blood throughout the body but
also adjusting this pum** activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the …

Background—Electrical, structural, and Ca2+-handling remodeling contribute to the
perpetuation/progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent evidence has suggested a role for …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …

Ca2+ plays a crucial role in connecting membrane excitability with contraction in
myocardium. The hallmark features of heart failure are mechanical dysfunction and …

The world population continues to grow older rapidly, mostly because of declining fertility
and increasing longevity. Since age represents the largest risk factor for cardiovascular …

Ca2+-dependent signaling is highly regulated in cardiomyocytes and determines the force
of cardiac muscle contraction. Ca2+ cycling refers to the release and reuptake of …

Large-conductance Ca2+ release channels known as ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate
the release of Ca2+ from an intracellular membrane compartment, the endo/sarcoplasmic …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes,
Ca2+ is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse …