A systematic intercomparison of three realistic eddy-permitting models of the North Atlantic
circulation has been performed. The models use different concepts for the discretization of …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

The Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation model has undergone significant development in
recent years. Most notable is the treatment of horizontal discretisation which has undergone …

Abstract Series of sensitivity tests were performed with az-coordinate, global eddy-permitting
(1/4°) ocean/sea-ice model (the ORCA-R025 model configuration developed for the …

This paper presents some research developments in primitive equation ocean models which
could impact the ocean component of realistic global coupled climate models aimed at large …

Interocean exchange of heat and salt around South Africa is thought to be a key link in the
maintenance of the global overturning circulation of the ocean. It takes place at the Agulhas …

The behaviours of three high-resolution ocean circulation models of the North Atlantic,
differing chiefly in their description of the vertical coordinate, are investigated in order to …

This chapter evaluates the suitability of models (in particular coupled atmosphere-ocean
general circulation models) for use in climate change projection and in detection and …

A new coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model has been developed, named the Bergen
Climate Model (BCM). It consists of the atmospheric model ARPEGE/IFS, together with a …

Numerical ocean models increasingly make use of σ—coordinate systems. A paper by
Gerdes (1993) shows that these coordinate systems can be more general; he termed the …