Improvements in health care and lifestyle have led to an elevated lifespan and increased
focus on age-associated diseases, such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the primary selective degradation system in the
nuclei and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, required for the turnover of myriad soluble proteins …

For many years, the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway was considered the
primary route for proteasomal degradation. However, it is now becoming clear that proteins …

Immunoproteasomes contain replacements for the three catalytic subunits of standard
proteasomes. In most cells, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are stimuli that …

Damaged and misfolded proteins accumulate during the aging process, impairing cell
function and tissue homeostasis. These perturbations to protein homeostasis (proteostasis) …

IFN-γ up-regulates MHC class I expression and antigen processing and presentation on
cells, since IFN-γ can induce multiple gene expressions that are related to MHC class I …

The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of~ 2.5 MDa
mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated …

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)
is a new and effective tool for molecular studies of complex biological samples such as …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) degrades intracellular proteins into peptide
fragments that can be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated constantly within cells at low concentrations
even under physiological conditions. During aging the levels of ROS can increase due to a …