The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

The mechanism of action of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) remains
surprisingly unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can use CTLA-4 to elicit suppression; …

The T cell protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) was identified as a crucial
negative regulator of the immune system over 15 years ago, but its mechanisms of action …

Since the early 20th century, immunologists have investigated mechanisms that protect
vertebrates from damaging immune responses against self-antigens by mature lymphocytes …

T‐cell activation is mediated by antigen‐specific signals from the TCRζ/CD3 and CD4–CD8–
p56lck complexes in combination with additional co‐signals provided by coreceptors such …

Protein–protein interactions have a key role in most biological processes, and offer attractive
opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Develo** small molecules that modulate protein …

Co-signalling molecules are cell-surface glycoproteins that can direct, modulate and fine-
tune T-cell receptor (TCR) signals. On the basis of their functional outcome, co-signalling …

A large number of cancer-associated gene products evoke immune recognition, but host
reactions rarely impede disease progression. The weak immunogenicity of nascent tumors …

The coreceptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is pivotal in
regulating the threshold of signals during T cell activation, although the underlying …

Within the paradigm of the two-signal model of lymphocyte activation, the interest in
costimulation has witnessed a remarkable emergence in the past few years with the …