Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are common inflammatory skin diseases induced by
repeated skin contact with low molecular weight chemicals, called xenobiotics or haptens …

Irritant contact dermatitis is a result of activated innate immune response to various external
stimuli and consists of complex interplay which involves skin barrier disruption, cellular …

Written by experienced and internationally renowned contributors, this is the fourth edition of
what has become the standard reference for cosmetic scientists and dermatologists seeking …

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is more common than allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It
ranges from acute irritant reactions to chronic forms, often morphologically indistinguishable …

Background The in vivo levels of inflammatory mediators in chronic atopic dermatitis (AD)
skin are not well‐defined due to the lack of a non‐invasive or minimally invasive sampling …

Background Classification of hand eczema (HE) is mandatory in epidemiological and
clinical studies, and also important in clinical work. Objectives The aim was to test a recently …

A global ban on animal experiments has been proposed. Hence, it is imperative to develop
alternative models. Artificial skin models should reflect the responses of subcutaneous blood …

The statistics from Europe and the USA have proven a high risk for skin diseases associated
with plant contact. Therefore, plant-induced dermatitis is of increasing attention in …

Skin is an important route of entry for many chemicals in the work place. To assess systemic
uptake of a chemical in contact with the skin, quantitative information on dermal absorption …

Background Nickel‐induced proliferation or cytokine release by peripheral blood
mononuclear cells may be used for in vitro diagnosis of nickel allergy. Objectives Aim of this …