The introduction points out the very specific system characteristics of trees and forest stands
which determine the approach and methods to analyse and model forest stand dynamics …

A city is the most dramatic manifestation of human activities on the environment. This human-
dominated organism degrades natural habitats, simplifies species composition, disrupts …

The ecosystem service concept is becoming more and more acknowledged in science and
decision-making, resulting in several applications in different case studies and in …

Bivalves, such as clams and oysters, are species having two-valved shells. In the marine
ecosystem these species play a unique and essential role. This book examines the ecology …

The surge of interest in expatriation and repatriation within the broader discourse on labor
mobility of professionals and high-skilled labor, human capital development, and the theory …

Landscape analysis and ecosystem service assessment have drawn increasing concern
from research and application at the landscape scale. Thanks to the continuously emerging …

Ecological systems are generally considered among the most complex because they are
characterized by a large number of diverse components, nonlinear interactions, scale …

The book presents an integration of existing ecosystem theories in such a comprehensive
way as to enable a full ecological and theoretical pattern to be presented. It shows that …

Although most dynamic crop models have been developed and tested for the scale of a
homogeneous plot, applications related to climate variability are often at broader spatial …

This paper discusses some conceptual fundamentals for the derivation of environmental
indicator sets. On the one hand, it defines requirements from environmental politics …