Ecosystems are vulnerable to accelerated climate change, population pressure, and
urbanization, so ecological vulnerability assessments and impact analyses are essential if …

Abstract Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCW) are ecological hotspots and their
integrity depends upon dynamic hydrologic regimes of the Great Lakes. GLCW naturally …

Even under current sea level conditions, many communities are working to protect their
coastlines against flooding and shoreline erosion. Coastal communities often protect their …

Coastal ecosystems nearby human societies collectively shape complex social-ecological
systems (SESs). These ecosystems support high levels of ecological biodiversity while …

Coastal nature-based solutions, such as living shorelines, are promoted as shoreline
stabilization alternatives to hard infrastructure in the United States. In the state of Florida …

Freshwater shoreline modifications can reduce connectivity between aquatic and terrestrial
environments, contributing to the decline of freshwater biodiversity. Freshwater turtles may …

Urbanization of shorelines has altered the structure, function, and dynamics of coastal
ecosystems. Consequently, these areas are less resilient to sea-level rise and coastal …

Humans have drastically modified marine nearshore ecosystems through shoreline
armoring. Armor, in the form of seawalls and bulkheads, reduces the mean abundance of …

People often modify the shoreline to mitigate erosion and protect property from storm
impacts. The 2 main approaches to modification are gray infrastructure (eg, bulkheads and …

Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and unsustainable coastal zone development
pose serious threats to growing coastal communities. Human actions, such as shoreline …