Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface
to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various …

Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling
embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide …

Bone remodeling is tightly regulated by a cross-talk between bone-forming osteoblasts and
bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts communicate with each other to …

Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a
cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis …

The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone
cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

The extent to which low‐frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) between 1–5%) and rare
(MAF≤ 1%) variants contribute to complex traits and disease in the general population is …

Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts followed by formation by osteoblasts,
and osteoclasts are a source of bone formation-stimulating factors. Here we utilize …

Cartilage and the bordering subchondral bone form a functionally active regulatory interface
with a prominent role in osteoarthritis pathways. The Wnt and the OPG-RANKL-RANK …