Synapses are intercellular junctions specialized for fast, point-to-point information transfer
from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic cell. At a synapse, a presynaptic terminal …

The laminins are a family of glycoproteins that provide an integral part of the structural
scaffolding of basement membranes in almost every animal tissue. Each laminin is a …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) present a barrier to axon regeneration.
However, no specific receptor for the inhibitory effect of CSPGs has been identified. We …

Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on T cells have
revolutionized cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell …

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the enzymes that dephosphorylate tyrosyl
phosphoproteins, were initially believed to be few in number and serve a 'housekee**'role …

Heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs and CSPGs, respectively) regulate
numerous cell surface signaling events, with typically opposite effects on cell function …

Synapse development requires differentiation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites
and postsynaptic receptive apparatus coordinated by synapse organizing proteins. In …

The pituitary gland is a central endocrine organ regulating basic physiological functions,
including growth, the stress response, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, and lactation …

Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a major mechanism for intercellular
communication during development and in the adult organism, as well as in disease …

Neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinases (Trks) have well-defined trophic roles in nervous
system development through kinase activation by neurotrophins. Yet Trks have typical cell …