The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

The widely accepted" Milankovitch theory" explains insolation-induced waxing and waning
of the ice sheets and their effect on the global climate on orbital timescales. In the past half …

Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …

This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on
when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation …

Surface temperature reconstructions of the past 1500 years suggest that recent warming is
unprecedented in that time. Here we provide a broader perspective by reconstructing …

The Holocene, which currently spans~ 11 700 years, is the shortest series/epoch within the
geological time scale (GTS), yet it contains a rich archive of evidence in stratigraphical …

This article provides a comprehensive review of the global monsoon that encompasses
findings from studies of both modern monsoons and paleomonsoons. We introduce a …

Precise characterization of hydroclimate variability in Amazonia on various timescales is
critical to understanding the link between climate change and biodiversity. Here we present …

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

Originally published in 1989, Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology became the leading
textbook on karst studies. This new textbook has been substantially revised and updated …