The physics of proton therapy has advanced considerably since it was proposed in 1946.
Today analytical equations and numerical simulation methods are available to predict and …

Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

The capabilities and physics models implemented inside the FLUKA code are briefly
described, with emphasis on hadronic interaction. Examples of the performances of the code …

Secondary radiation emission induced by nuclear reactions is correlated to the path of ions
in matter. Therefore, such penetrating radiation can be used for in vivo control of …

Monte Carlo (MC) codes are increasingly spreading in the hadrontherapy community due to
their detailed description of radiation transport and interaction with matter. The suitability of a …

Protons are an interesting modality for radiotherapy because of their well defined range and
favourable depth dose characteristics. On the other hand, these same characteristics lead to …

Exploitation of the full potential offered by ion beams in clinical practice is still hampered by
several sources of treatment uncertainties, particularly related to the limitations of our ability …

Background and purpose To improve precision of particle therapy, in vivo range verification
is highly desirable. Methods based on prompt gamma rays emitted during treatment seem …

In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is in use in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to detect major errors,
to assess clinically relevant differences between planned and delivered dose, to record …

We present a full-scale clinical prototype system for in vivo range verification of proton pencil-
beams using the prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy method. The detection system consists of …