Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Abstract The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean warming in the twenty-first century to
less than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to promote further efforts to limit …

Global ice volume (sea level) and deep‐sea temperature are key measures of Earth's
climatic state. We synthesize evidence for multi‐centennial to millennial ice‐volume and …

Despite extensive investigation, the nature and causes of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
remain enigmatic. In this work, we assess its linkage to asynchronous development of …

Two decades into the 21st century there is growing evidence for global impacts of Antarctic
and Southern Ocean climate change. Reliable estimates of how the Antarctic climate system …

Sea level and deep-sea temperature variations are key indicators of global climate changes.
For continuous records over millions of years, deep-sea carbonate microfossil–based δ18O …

The future response of the Antarctic ice sheet to rising temperatures remains highly
uncertain. A useful period for assessing the sensitivity of Antarctica to warming is the Last …

Abstract Accurate characterization of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e;∼ 129–116 ka) sea level is
important for understanding ice sheet sensitivity to climate change, with implications for …

Polar temperatures during the Last Interglacial [LIG;~ 129 to 116 thousand years (ka)] were
warmer than today, making this time period an important testing ground to better understand …