Electrodialysis, a membrane separation method, uses an electrical potential difference to
separate ions in aqueous solutions. Electrodialysis is used in several industries for the …

The utilization of osmosis for engineered applications sparked off various emerging
technologies relying on osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs). Represented by …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated in the past decade. Despite
significant advancements in our understanding of the FO process, questions and challenges …

Recycling water from municipal wastewater offers a reliable and sustainable solution to
cities and regions facing shortage of water supply. Places including California and …

Forward osmosis is an emerging osmosis-driven membrane process, which has benefits of
low energy consumption, low operational pressure, easy equipment, and low fouling. This …

Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the evolving membrane technologies in desalination with
recent expanded new interest as a low energy process. The most significant parts of FO …

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotically driven process widely studied for water desalination,
wastewater treatment, and water reuse, as well as dilution and concentration of aqueous …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been increasingly studied in the past decade for its potential as
an emerging low-energy water and wastewater treatment process. However, the term “low …

This review focuses on the present status of forward osmosis (FO) niches in two main areas:
seawater desalination and wastewater reuse. Specific applications for desalination and …

Access to clean water resource continues to be the most urgent and pressing global issue
where hiking economic and ecological needs have urged for more water-efficient …