Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality

AR DeCasien, E Guma, S Liu, A Raznahan - Biology of Sex Differences, 2022 - Springer
The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled …

[HTML][HTML] New insights into the dynamic development of the cerebral cortex in childhood and adolescence: Integrating macro-and microstructural MRI findings

LB Norbom, L Ferschmann, N Parker, I Agartz… - Progress in …, 2021 - Elsevier
Through dynamic transactional processes between genetic and environmental factors,
childhood and adolescence involve reorganization and optimization of the cerebral cortex …

[HTML][HTML] Brain charts for the human lifespan

RAI Bethlehem, J Seidlitz, SR White, JW Vogel… - Nature, 2022 - nature.com
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research
and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to …

Why and how to account for sex and gender in brain and behavioral research

L Eliot, AK Beery, EG Jacobs, HF LeBlanc… - Journal of …, 2023 - Soc Neuroscience
Long overlooked in neuroscience research, sex and gender are increasingly included as
key variables potentially impacting all levels of neurobehavioral analysis. Still, many …

Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

S Frangou, A Modabbernia, SCR Williams… - Human brain …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical
given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research …

A meta‐analysis of sex differences in animal personality: no evidence for the greater male variability hypothesis

LM Harrison, DWA Noble, MD Jennions - Biological Reviews, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
The notion that men are more variable than women has become embedded into scientific
thinking. For mental traits like personality, greater male variability has been partly attributed …

Carving the biodevelopment of same-sex sexual orientation at its joints

DP VanderLaan, MN Skorska, DE Peragine… - Gender and sexuality …, 2022 - Springer
Sexual orientation is a core aspect of human experience and understanding its development
is fundamental to psychology as a scientific discipline. Biological perspectives have played …

Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?

S Stewart-Williams, LG Halsey - European Journal of …, 2021 - journals.sagepub.com
It is a well-known and widely lamented fact that men outnumber women in a number of fields
in STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths). The most commonly discussed …

Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

LG Halsey, V Careau, H Pontzer, PN Ainslie… - Journal of Human …, 2022 - Elsevier
In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females.
However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure …

[HTML][HTML] Recommendations for a better understanding of sex and gender in the neuroscience of mental health

LM Wierenga, A Ruigrok, ER Aksnes, C Barth… - … Psychiatry Global Open …, 2024 - Elsevier
There are prominent sex/gender differences in the prevalence, expression, and life span
course of mental health and neurodiverse conditions. However, the underlying sex-and …