In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for
visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains …

Cityscapes provide a complex environment, where solar radiation is unevenly distributed,
especially since urban features started to propagate more and more vertically. Due to the …

The precise knowledge of the capacity to produce energy from renewable resources
requires an adequate study to determine the spatial dimension of the territory. The aim of …

In the current framework of energy transition, renewable energy production has gained a
renewed relevance. A set of 75 papers was selected from the existing literature and critically …

Currently, there is increasing attention to matching the buildings' energy demand with
energy produced by renewable sources. This approach serves to both reduce the …

Solar energy replacing conventional non-renewable energy has been widely implemented
around the world. Currently, one of the most challenging problems is how to improve the …

Level of detail (LoD) is a concept available in various disciplines from computer graphics
and cartography to electrical circuit design. For GIS practitioners, the discipline where level …

An effective three-dimensional (3D) data representation is required to assess the spatial
distribution of the photovoltaic potential over urban building roofs and facades using 3D city …

This study examines the potential of solar energy in the urban environment with a case study
in Semarang, Indonesia by analyzing the intensity of solar radiation and the residential …

Solar radiation plays an important role in the planning of sustainable city structures and in
the development of energy models related to urban areas [5]. Depending on several factors …