CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

▪ Abstract Ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that contains greater than 95% of the copper
found in plasma. This protein is a member of the multicopper oxidase family, an …

Cl− channels reside both in the plasma membrane and in intracellular organelles. Their
functions range from ion homeostasis to cell volume regulation, transepithelial transport, and …

Natural inputs of chlorine (Cl) to soils come mainly from rainwater, sea spray, dust and air
pollution. In addition, human practices, such as irrigation and fertilization, contribute …

Chloride channels play important roles in the plasma membrane and in intracellular
organelles. Mice deficient for the ubiquitously expressed ClC-7 Cl− channel show severe …

Transgenic plants overexpressing the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase are much more
resistant to high concentrations of NaCl and to water deprivation than the isogenic wild-type …

The cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the essential but highly toxic nutrient,
copper, is a precisely orchestrated process. Copper homeostasis is coordinated by several …

The EIR1 gene of Arabidopsis is a member of a family of plant genes with similarities to
bacterial membrane transporters. This gene is expressed only in the root, which is consistent …

Cells respond to salt stress by osmolyte synthesis and by increase of K+ uptake and Na+
efflux at the plasma membrane and of Na+ accumulation at the vacuole. This cellular level of …

Plants are generally well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Even though
they have notably prospered in our planet, stressful conditions such as salinity, drought and …