Arthropods exhibit a large variety of sex determination systems both at the chromosomal and
molecular level. Male heterogamety, female heterogamety, and haplodiploidy occur …

All hymenopterans (bees, ants, wasps, and sawflies) have haplodiploid sex determination.
Generally, this involves haploid males develo** from unfertilized eggs and diploid females …

Background Haplodiploidy, where females develop from diploid, fertilized eggs and males
from haploid, unfertilized eggs, is abundant in some insect lineages. Some species in these …

In Drosophila, diet is considered a prominent factor sha** the associated bacterial
community. However, the host population background (eg genotype, geographical origin …

During the transition from sexual to asexual reproduction, a suite of reproduction‐related
sexual traits become superfluous, and may be selected against if costly. Female functional …

The research into the Drosophila melanogaster sex-determining system has been at the
basis of all further research on insect sex determination. This further research has made it …

Organisms that reproduce sexually have evolved well-organized mechanisms to determine
two sexes. Some hymenopterans (such as ants, bees, and wasps) have a complementary …

Complementary sex determination (CSD) is a widespread sex determination mechanism in
haplodiploid Hymenoptera. Under CSD, sex is determined by the allelic state of one or …

The huge and diverse family Braconidae is described and various specific morphological
terms used in their description are illustrated. A simplified identification key to most of the …

In many insect species maternal provision of sex‐specifically spliced messenger RNA
(mRNA) of sex determination genes is an essential component of the sex determination …