Dynamic covalent polymer networks (DCPN) have historically attracted attention for their
unique roles in chemical recycling and self-healing, which are both relevant for sustainable …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Shape-morphing structures that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to diverse tasks are
highly desirable for intelligent machines in many interdisciplinary fields. Shape memory …

Mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) have emerged as an encouraging platform for the
development of mechanically robust yet adaptive materials. However, the difficulty in …

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), comprising polymer networks crosslinked by dynamic
covalent bonds (DCBs), have garnered considerable attention as sustainable materials …

Bilayer hydrogel-based actuators have attracted much interest because inhomogeneous
structures are easily constructed in hydrogels. We used three kinds of polysaccharides …

Tuning actuation temperatures of liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) achieves control of
their actuation onsets, which is generally accomplished in the synthesis step and cannot be …

Delicate geometries and suitable mechanical properties are essential for device
applications of polymer materials. 3D printing offers unprecedented versatility, but the …

The ability to undergo bond exchange in a dynamic covalent polymer network has brought
many benefits not offered by classical thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. Despite the …

Dynamic regulation of substrate micro‐structures is an effective strategy to control stem cell
fate in tissue engineering. Translating this into in vivo tissue repair in a clinical setting …