Type 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to result from destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells
in pancreatic islets that is mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. The classic view is that …

Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

This chapter serves as an update and replaces the 2018 ISPAD consensus guideline on
definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. 1 It …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance,
leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune …

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body.
Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical …

For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several
autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus …

• Diagnostic criteria for all types of diabetes in children and adolescents are based on
laboratory measurement of plasma blood glucose levels (BGL) and the presence or …

Molecular mimicry is one of the leading mechanisms by which infectious or chemical agents
may induce autoimmunity. It occurs when similarities between foreign and self-peptides …

Increasing evidence demonstrated that the expression of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme
type 2 (ACE2) is a necessary step for SARS-CoV-2 infection permissiveness. In light of the …

Background and main text Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is
a complex and controversial clinical condition without having established causative factors …