There is abundant evidence for abnormalities of the norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin
(5HT) neurotransmitter systems in depression and anxiety disorders. The majority of …

Exposure to hostile conditions initiates responses organized to enhance the probability of
survival. These coordinated responses, known as stress responses, are composed of …

Drawing on the disciplines of neurophysiology and physics, Neuromechanics of Human
Movement, Fourth Edition, explores how the nervous system controls the actions of muscles …

We test the possibility that political attitudes and behaviors are the result of both
environmental and genetic factors. Employing standard methodological approaches in …

Frequently disrupted and restricted sleep is a common problem for many people in our
modern around-the-clock society. In this context, it is an important question how sleep loss …

Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system and neurotransmitters produced by
the nervous system control many bodily functions. The concentrations of these molecules in …

There exists a reciprocal relationship between the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA)
and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axes, wherein the activation of one affects …

Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary
(eg, after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types …

Abstract The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in brain development,
regulation of mood, stress reactivity and risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus alterations in …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …