A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can
be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and …

Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia
are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the …

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Here, we demonstrate that tumour-
associated macrophages (TAMs) enhance the aerobic glycolysis and apoptotic resistance of …

Hypoxia in solid tumors is an important predictor of poor clinical outcome to radiotherapy.
Both physicochemical and biological processes contribute to a reduced sensitivity of hypoxic …

Current treatments for diabetic ulcers (DUs) remain unsatisfactory due to the risk of bacterial
infection and impaired angiogenesis during the healing process. The increased degradation …

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the
regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures …

ABSTRACT Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1 (HIF‐1) has been largely studied for its role in cell
survival in hypoxic conditions. The regulation of HIF‐1 is a complex process and involves a …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Chronic wounds are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Even though
utilizing nitric oxide (NO) as a gas medicine to repair diabetic wounds presents a promising …

The transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) has a central role in oxygen
homeostasis in animals ranging from nematode worms to man. Recent studies have shown …