The precise pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is still not clearly
established but emerging evidence confirms a pivotal role for mucosal immunity. This review …

Emerging evidences demonstrate the involvement of gut microbiota in the progression of
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-associated complications including cardiovascular …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a series of immune-mediated lethal diseases featured by
over-activated immune cells attacking healthy self-tissues and organs due to the loss of …

Gut dysbiosis is defined as disorders of gut microbiota and loss of barrier integrity, which are
ubiquitous on pathological conditions and associated with the development of various …

Background The gut microbiome is altered in chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially
contributing to CKD progression and co-morbidities, but population-based studies of the gut …

Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is
defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly …

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal disorder characterized by the
accumulation of uremic toxins with limited strategies to reduce their concentrations. A large …

Proteolytic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been recognized as both a typical feature of
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a risk factor for its progression. Blood accumulation of gut …

Ethnopharmacological relevance The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia
miltiorrhiza (AS) is an effective prescription that is widely used to treat chronic kidney …

Aim Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the worst complications of diabetes. Despite a
growing number of DN metabolite profiling studies, most studies are suffering from …