Nearly 40 years of research on the function of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has provided a
wealth of information on its contributions to behavior but has also yielded controversies and …

The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …

The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin has drawn the attention of scientists for more than
a century. The understanding of the function of oxytocin has expanded dramatically over the …

Many of the brain's reward systems converge on the nucleus accumbens, a region richly
innervated by excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferents representing the circuitry …

The dorsal striatum is a large forebrain region involved in action initiation, timing, control,
learning and memory. Learning and remembering skilled movement sequences requires the …

Associating spatial locations with rewards is fundamental to survival in natural environments
and requires the integrity of the hippocampus and ventral striatum. In joint multineuron …

The hippocampal formation and striatum subserve declarative and procedural memory,
respectively. However, experimental evidence suggests that the ventral striatum, as …

The hippocampus is pivotal in integrating emotional processing, learning, memory, and
reward-related behaviors. The dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) is particularly crucial for …

The hippocampus is crucial for both spatial navigation and episodic memory, suggesting
that it provides a common function to both. Here we adapt a spatial paradigm, developed for …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is clearly implicated in reward processing and drug
addiction, as well as in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders; nevertheless, the …