The first generation of stars, often called Population III (or Pop III), form from metal-free
primordial gas at redshifts z∼ 30 and below. They dominate the cosmic star-formation …

Recent years have witnessed dramatic progress in our understanding of how turbulence
arises and transports angular momentum in astrophysical accretion disks. The key …

The current understanding of astrophysical magnetic fields is reviewed, focusing on their
generation and maintenance by turbulence. In the astrophysical context this generation is …

We review the possible mechanisms for the generation of cosmological magnetic fields,
discuss their evolution in an expanding Universe filled with the cosmic plasma and provide a …

We show that cosmic-ray observations set a model-independent upper bound of E ν 2 Φ ν<
2× 10− 8 G e V/cm 2 s sr to the intensity of high-energy neutrinos produced by photo-meson …

We examine the effect of weak, small-scale magnetic field structure on the rate of
reconnection in a strongly magnetized plasma. This affects the rate of reconnection by …

▪ Abstract We review recent theoretical results on the formation of the first stars in the
universe, and emphasize related open questions. In particular, we discuss the initial …

A variety of observations suggest that magnetic fields are present in all galaxies and galaxy
clusters. These fields are characterized by a modest strength (10− 7–10− 5 G) and huge …

The universe is magnetized on all scales probed so far. On the largest scales, galaxies and
galaxy clusters host magnetic fields at the micro Gauss level coherent on scales up to ten …

A variety of observations impose upper limits at the nano Gauss level on magnetic fields that
are coherent on inter-galactic scales while blazar observations indicate a lower bound∼ …