Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating
apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Despite decades of
research following several theoretical and clinical lines, all existing treatments for the …

Physical activity plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy body, yet it also provides
unique benefits for the vascular and cellular systems that sustain a healthy brain. While the …

Importance Increasing evidence suggests an important role of liver function in the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The liver is a major metabolic hub; therefore …

Astrocytes are glial cells that are distributed throughout the central nervous system in an
arrangement optimal for chemical and physical interaction with neuronal synapses and …

β‐amyloid (Aβ) is widely accepted to be one of the major pathomechanisms underlying
Alzheimer's disease (AD), although there is presently lively debate regarding the relative …

The characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the appearance of extracellular
amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the intracellular environment …

Glutamate-gated AMPA receptors mediate the fast component of excitatory signal
transduction at chemical synapses throughout all regions of the mammalian brain. AMPA …

l-Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system and plays important roles in a wide variety of brain functions, but it is also a …

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain.
In the past, there has been a major research drive focused on the dysfunction of the …