In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than∼ 1 Gyr could
have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their …

Nine transiting Earth-sized planets have recently been discovered around nearby late-M
dwarfs, including the TRAPPIST-1 planets and two planets discovered by the MEarth survey …

Most known terrestrial planets orbit small stars with radii less than 60 per cent of that of the
Sun,. Theoretical models predict that these planets are more vulnerable to atmospheric loss …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

One popular view of Venus' climate history describes a world that has spent much of its life
with surface liquid water, plate tectonics, and a stable temperate climate. Part of the basis for …

TRAPPIST-1 is a nearby system of seven Earth-sized, temperate, rocky exoplanets transiting
a Jupiter-sized M8. 5V star, ideally suited for in-depth atmospheric studies. Each TRAPPIST …

Finding life on exoplanets from telescopic observations is an ultimate goal of exoplanet
science. Life produces gases and other substances, such as pigments, which can have …

The detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars has revolutionized our view of the cosmos.
First results suggest that it is teeming with a fascinating diversity of rocky planets, including …