Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is widely used to study biological macromolecules
that comprise regions with disorder, flexibility or partial occupancy. For example, membrane …

The maximum-likelihood method provides a powerful approach to many problems in cryo-
electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image processing. This contribution aims to provide an …

With the advent of computationally feasible approaches to maximum-likelihood (ML) image
processing for cryo-electron microscopy, these methods have proven particularly useful in …

Model-based, three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction procedures require a starting
model to initiate data analysis. We have designed an ab initio method, which we call the …

Cryo-electron microscopy of “single particles” is a powerful method to analyze structures of
large macromolecular assemblies that are not amenable to investigation by traditional X-ray …

Few biological macromolecular complexes exhibit the combination of massive size and
hierarchical, symmetrical architecture embodied in icosahedral viruses. X-ray …

The scattering density of the virus is represented as a truncated weighted sum of
orthonormal basis functions in spherical coordinates, where the angular dependence of …

Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation has very desirable properties for reconstructing 3D
volumes from noisy cryo-EM images of single macromolecular particles. Current …

Coarse-grained elastic network models elucidate the fluctuation dynamics of proteins
around their native conformations. Low-frequency collective motions derived by simplified …

Single particle reconstruction methods based on the maximum-likelihood principle and the
expectation–maximization (E–M) algorithm are popular because of their ability to produce …