In vivo imaging technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for both fundamental
research and clinical practice. In particular, luminescence imaging in the tissue-transparent …

Near infrared (NIR) light (700–1400 nm) can be used in numerous biological/medical as
well as technological applications. In this work we review the most recent examples of highly …

Molecular fluorophores with the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emission hold great potential
for deep‐tissue bioimaging owing to their excellent biocompatibility and high resolution …

Strong fluorescence and high catalytic activities cannot be achieved simultaneously due to
conflicts in free electron utilization, resulting in a lack of bioactivity of most near-infrared-II …

The low oxygen dependence of type I photosensitizers (PSs) has made them a popular
choice for treating solid tumors. However, the drawbacks of poor water solubility, short …

Early diagnosis of renal fibrosis is crucially significant on account of its worldwide prevalent
tendency. Optical imaging in the near‐infrared window has been recognized as an …

The manipulation of electron donor/acceptor (D/A) shows an endless impetus for innovating
optical materials. Currently, there is booming development in electron donor design, while …

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window enables deep-tissue
imaging with high resolution and improved contrast by taking advantage of the reduced light …

The optimal functioning of body organs is fundamental to maintaining physiological
processes and bodily health. However, a myriad of factors, including inherent and …

Lanthanide based upconversion (UC) nanoprobes have emerged as promising agents for
biological applications. Extending the excitation light to the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) …