Reframing sexual differentiation of the brain
In the twentieth century, the dominant model of sexual differentiation stated that genetic sex
(XX versus XY) causes differentiation of the gonads, which then secrete gonadal hormones …
(XX versus XY) causes differentiation of the gonads, which then secrete gonadal hormones …
Synthesizing views to understand sex differences in response to early life adversity
Sex as a biological variable (SABV) is critical for understanding the broad range of
physiological, neurobiological, and behavioral consequences of early life adversity (ELA) …
physiological, neurobiological, and behavioral consequences of early life adversity (ELA) …
Sex differences in epigenetic regulation of the estrogen receptor-α promoter within the develo** preoptic area
Sex differences in the brain are largely organized by a testicular hormone surge that occurs
in males shortly after birth. Although this hormone surge is transient, sex differences in brain …
in males shortly after birth. Although this hormone surge is transient, sex differences in brain …
The complex relationships between sex and the brain
In the past decennia, our understanding of the sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain
has dramatically changed. The simple model according to which testosterone masculinizes …
has dramatically changed. The simple model according to which testosterone masculinizes …
Maternal influences on the sexual behavior and reproductive success of the female rat
In many species, including humans, there is evidence for parental effects on within-sex
variations in reproductive behavior. In the present studies we found that variations in …
variations in reproductive behavior. In the present studies we found that variations in …
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the mammalian nervous system
Neuroscientists are likely to discover new sex differences in the coming years, spurred by
the National Institutes of Health initiative to include both sexes in preclinical studies. This …
the National Institutes of Health initiative to include both sexes in preclinical studies. This …
Experience-dependent plasticity drives individual differences in pheromone-sensing neurons
Different individuals exhibit distinct behaviors, but studying the neuronal basis of
individuality is a daunting challenge. Here, we considered this question in the vomeronasal …
individuality is a daunting challenge. Here, we considered this question in the vomeronasal …
The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: firsts in androgen-dependent neural sex differences
Cell number in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) of rats was the first neural
sex difference shown to differentiate under the control of androgens, acting via classical …
sex difference shown to differentiate under the control of androgens, acting via classical …
Is it useful to view the brain as a secondary sexual characteristic?
Many sex differences in brain and behavior related to reproduction are thought to have
evolved based on sexual selection involving direct competition for mates during male–male …
evolved based on sexual selection involving direct competition for mates during male–male …
[HTML][HTML] Sexes on the brain: Sex as multiple biological variables in the neuronal control of feeding
Neuronal interactions at the level of vagal, homeostatic, and hedonic circuitry work to
regulate the neuronal control of feeding. This integrative system appears to vary across sex …
regulate the neuronal control of feeding. This integrative system appears to vary across sex …