Abstract Space weathering refers to alteration that occurs in the space environment with
time. Lunar samples, and to some extent meteorites, have provided a benchmark for …

An accurate assessment of the bulk chemical composition of Mars is fundamental to
understanding planetary accretion, differentiation, mantle evolution, the nature of the …

Earth's water, intrinsic oxidation state and metal core density are fundamental chemical
features of our planet. Studies of exoplanets provide a useful context for elucidating the …

The Earth formed by accretion of Moon-to Mars-size embryos coming from various
heliocentric distances. The isotopic nature of these bodies is unknown. However, taking …

The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations since industrialization
is characterized by large interannual variability, mostly resulting from variability in CO2 …

terrestrial rocks. By the year 1850, 18 elements had been identified in meteorites: carbon,
oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorous, sulfur, potassium, calcium …

We report data on the martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034, which shares some
petrologic and geochemical characteristics with known martian meteorites of the SNC (ie …

Saturn's moon, Enceladus, is a geologically active waterworld. The prevailing paradigm is
that there is a subsurface ocean that erupts to the surface, which leads to the formation of a …

Earth and the Moon are shown here to have indistinguishable oxygen isotope ratios, with a
difference in Δ′ 17O of− 1±5 parts per million (2 standard error). On the basis of these data …

Abundant carbon was identified on Mercury by MESSENGER, which is interpreted as the
remnant of a primordial graphite flotation crust, suggesting that the magma ocean and core …