The concentration and distribution of water in the Earth has influenced its evolution
throughout its history. Even at the trace levels contained in the planet's deep interior (mantle …

Seismic anisotropy is caused mainly by the lattice-preferred orientation of anisotropic
minerals. Major breakthroughs have occurred in the study of lattice-preferred orientation in …

The minerals constituting the Earth's upper mantle are nominally anhydrous silicates
(NAMs). However they do contain hydrogen as a trace element, decorating point defects in …

Abstract Long period (10–20,000 s) magnetotelluric (MT) data are being acquired across the
continental USA on a quasi-regular grid of∼ 70 km spacing as an electromagnetic …

Plate tectonic theory was developed 50 years ago and underpins most of our understanding
of Earth's evolution. The theory explains observations of magnetic lineations on the seafloor …

Various methods for inferring the water distribution in Earth's mantle are reviewed including
geochemical and geophysical methods. The geochemical approach using the water …

The presence of water strongly influences the structure, composition and dynamics of the
Earth's deep mantle,,,. Hydrous magnesium-rich silicates play an important role in …

Presenting a coherent synthesis of lithosphere studies, this book covers a range of
geophysical methods (seismic reflection, refraction, and receiver function methods; elastic …

Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism refers to mineralogical modifications of continental
and oceanic crustal protoliths±associated mafic-ultramafic rocks initially formed or emplaced …

Magnetotelluric (MT) data can image the electrical resistivity of the entire lithospheric column
and are therefore one of the most important data sources for understanding the structure …