Nitrogen is an essential component of all living organisms and the main nutrient limiting life
on our planet. By far, the largest inventory of freely accessible nitrogen is atmospheric …

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2
(MPI‐ESM1. 2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and …

Nitrogen (N2) fixation in oligotrophic surface waters is the main source of new nitrogen to the
ocean and has a key role in fuelling the biological carbon pump. Oceanic N2 fixation has …

Marine diazotrophs convert dinitrogen (N 2) gas into bioavailable nitrogen (N), supporting
life in the global ocean. In 2012, the first version of the global oceanic diazotroph database …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

In ocean waters, anaerobic microbial respiration should be confined to the anoxic waters
found in coastal regions and tropical oxygen minimum zones, where it is energetically …

Uncertainty in the global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation limits our understanding of the
response of the ocean's nitrogen and carbon cycles to environmental change. The …

Just as carbon fueled the Industrial Revolution, nitrogen has fueled an Agricultural
Revolution. The use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and the cultivation of nitrogen‐fixing …