Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the
same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer
nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of …

Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many
chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies …

At present, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used in the biomedical field. They
have unique advantages in targeted drug delivery, imaging and disease treatment …

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold the potential to substantially improve
noninvasive early diagnosis of cancer. However, analysis of nanosized EVs in blood …

Platelets play a critical role as circulating cells in the human body and contribute to essential
physiological processes such as blood clotting, hemostasis, vascular repair, and thrombus …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a challenging chronic autoimmune disorder
characterized by persistent joint inflammation and damage. While modern regenerative …

Platelets are blood cells that are primarily produced by the shedding of megakaryocytes in
the bone marrow. Platelets participate in a variety of physiological and pathological …

Exosomal PD-L1 has been increasingly considered a noninvasive and accurate predictive
marker for immunotherapy treatment response. However, the clinical monitoring of exosomal …

Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the
participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being …