Cyclodextrin (CD), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides with an external hydrophilic surface
and a central hydrophobic cavity is recognized as a promising pharmaceutical excipient due …

Immune ophthalmopathy is a collection of autoimmune eye diseases. Immunosuppressants
are drugs that can inhibit the body's immune response. Considering drug side effects such …

Tacrolimus has shown efficacy in eye inflammatory diseases. However, due to the drug
lability, its formulation into a stable ophthalmic product remains a challenge. Tacrolimus …

Poor bioavailability of eye drops is a well-known issue, which can be improved by
increasing the residence time on the eye surface and the penetration of the active …

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease affecting from 0.2 to 3% of
the general population. The current treatment for Sjögren's syndrome is aimed at controlling …

Tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressant, is widely used in several formulations to treat
organ rejection in transplant patients. However, its physicochemical stability poses …

Tacrolimus, in spite of its good safety profile with fewer adverse effects (when treated locally)
is still being used as an off-label drug to treat ocular diseases-like corneal graft-versus-host …

Koumine (KME) is an active alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans, and its diverse
bioactivities have been studied for decades. However, KME exhibits poor solubility and low …

Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), an FDA-approved drug for cutaneous T
cell lymphoma, has antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity and thus has therapeutic …

Effective drug distribution at the intended or particular location is a critical issue that
researchers are now dealing. Nanosponges have significantly increased in importance in …