Ferronickel slag (FNS) is a solid waste produced in the smelting of ferronickel alloys. FNS is
classified as blast furnace ferronickel slag (BFS) and electric furnace ferronickel slag (EFS) …

The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past
decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with …

The primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from nickel smelting
products have been assessed through case studies using a process model based on mass …

The production of ferroalloys and alloys like ferronickel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese,
silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and silicon is commonly carried out in submerged arc …

A coal-based direct reduction process was used to recover the ferronickel from low-grade
nickel laterite ore. The effects of basicity on the compressive strength, metallization rate …

Two-thirds of the global nickel output can be attributed to the rotary kiln-electric furnace
process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 in laterite, a high temperature (∼ 1600° …

This work presents a process model developed based on mass and energy conservation to
assess high carbon ferrochrome production from cradle to gate through four supply …

Rotary kilns are used to carry out heating and chemical transformation in several mineral
processing operations. A series of experimental runs was carried out using the realistic but …

An innovative technical route has been proposed to improve recycling efficiency of Ni and
Fe from low-grade nickel laterite via the duplex process between direct reduction-magnetic …

As an energy-intensive industry, iron and steel production are suffering from the resource
and environmental issues. Blast furnace—basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) process and …