The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …

Histamine acts as a modulatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. It has an important
role in the maintenance of wakefulness, and dysfunction in the histaminergic system has …

Abstract l-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the most effective symptomatic
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is …

Among the four G protein–coupled receptors (H 1–H 4) identified as mediators of the
biologic effects of histamine, the H 3 receptor (H 3 R) is distinguished for its almost exclusive …

Abstract L-DOPA (l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) remains the most effective drug for the
treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, chronic use causes dyskinesia, a complex motor …

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is commonly seen in Parkinson's disease patients
treated with levodopa. This side effect is usually encountered after long duration of …

The neurotransmitter histamine receives less attention compared with other biogenic
amines, because of its moderate action in the central nervous system (CNS). However …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is, after Alzheimer's disease, the second most common
neurodegenerative disorder with an approximate prevalence of 0.5–1% among persons 65 …

Apart from its central role in the mediation of allergic reactions, gastric acid secretion and
inflammation in the periphery, histamine serves an important function as a neurotransmitter …

Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been essential in
understanding the pathophysiology and neural mechanisms underlying PD. The most …